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Article

Characterizations of Water Quality, and Potential Relationships of Nitrogen Components and Microbes in the Mulgol Pond on Dokdo, Korea

독도 물골의 수질 특성 및 질소화합물과 미생물간의 잠재적 관계

SANG YOON WOO1
,
HYEON BEEN LEE1
,
DONG HYUK JEONG1
,
JE BAK AN1
,
JIN SUK YOUN234
,
JAE-HONG PAK578
,
JONG SOO PARK678*
우 상윤1
,
이 현빈1
,
정 동혁1
,
안 제박1
,
윤 진석234
,
박 재홍578
,
박 종수678*
1Graduate Student, Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
2Graduate Student, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
3Researcher, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
4Researcher, Department of Integrative Natural Sciences for the East Sea Rim, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
5Professor, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
6Professor, Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
7Professor, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
8Professor, Department of Integrative Natural Sciences for the East Sea Rim, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
1경북대학교 해양학과 대학원생
2경북대학교 생명과학부 생물학전공 대학원생
3경북대학교 울릉도·독도연구소 연구원
4경북대학교 환동해안융복합학과 연구원
5경북대학교 생명과학부 생물학전공 교수
6경북대학교 해양학과 교수
7경북대학교 울릉도·독도연구소 교수
8경북대학교 환동해안융복합학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 May 2021. pp. 124-134
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Abstract

Water in the Mulgol pond on Dokdo (island), Korea, was historically used for drinking water, but now it has been no longer used for this purpose due to regionally low water quality. Since 2007, this pond has been covered with a metal lid to protect from pollutants of seabirds, indicating limited light penetration into the Mulgol pond. Here, we investigated water quality in the pond and potential relationships of nitrogen components and microbes in May, June, August, and November 2020. The source salinity ranged from 1.39 to 1.57 psu. Suspended solids (0.8~5.1 mg L–1) and chlorophyll-a (<0.01~0.49 µg L–1) remained low. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was between 35.9 and 47.2 mg L–1. Thus, water in the Mulgol pond proves to be brackish water with low chlorophyll-a and high nutrients. This unique environment may be established by limited light intensity, sea fog (or seawater), and fecal pellets from many seabirds. Although the light source (800~8000 lux) was exposed to the four subsamples, chlorophyll-a concentrations were below <0.5 µg L–1 during the incubation periods. This result suggests that the biomass of phytoplankton does not increase along with an increase in light intensity. Furthermore, the content of nitrate constituted more than 90% of DIN, and a significant negative correlation between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance was shown in May and June 2020 during the light exposure experiments (R=–0.762, p<0.05). Thus, it is possible that bacteria may be a significant agent to reduce nitrate concentration in the Mulgol pond, the relationship between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance may vary seasonally.

Keywords
Dokdo
Brackish water
Pond
Microbes
Nitrogen components
Water quality

대한민국 대양섬 독도의 담수인 물골은 과거에 음용수로 활용되었지만 수질 악화 때문에 더 이상 음용수의 역할을 하지 못하고 있다. 2007년부터 물골은 바닷새에 의한 오염원의 유입을 차단하기 위해서 덮개를 덮어 보호하고 있으며 이는 매우 낮은 광도를 유지하고 있음을 의미한다. 본 조사는 2020년 5월, 6월, 8월, 11월 물골의 수질 평가 및 질소화합물과 미생물간의 잠재적 상호관계를 파악하기 위해서 수행되었다. 4차례 조사에서 물골의 염분은 1.39~1.57 psu의 범위로 나타났다. 또한, 낮은 부유물질량(범위: 0.8~5.1 mg L–1) 및 엽록소-a 농도(범위: <0.01~0.49 µg L–1)와 상당히 높은 용존 무기 질소 농도(범위: 35.9~47.2 mg L–1)가 측정되었다. 따라서 물골 수질 특성은 엽록소-a 농도가 낮으며, 영양분이 매우 높은 기수환경이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 독특한 물골의 환경적 특성은 빛의 차단, 독도 주변의 해무(또는 해수)와 많은 수의 바닷새 배설물 때문으로 판단된다. 한편, 물골 시료에 광노출(800~8000 lux)을 했음에도 불구하고 엽록소-a는 모두 <0.5 µg L–1로 낮은 값을 보였다. 이는 광도 증가에 따라 식물플랑크톤 생물량이 크게 증가되지 않았음을 시사한다. 더불어 용존 무기 질소 중 질산염이 >90% 차지하였고, 2020년 5월과 6월 광노출 실험에서 질산염 농도와 박테리아 개체수 간에 통계적으로 유의한 음의 상관관계가 나타났다(R=–0.762, p<0.05). 그러므로 독도 물골 내 종속영양 박테리아는 질산염 감소에 중요한 요인이고, 종속영양 박테리아와 질산염 간의 관계는 계절적인 차이가 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 26
  • No :2
  • Pages :124-134
  • Received Date : 2020-12-22
  • Revised Date : 2021-02-26
  • Accepted Date : 2021-04-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2021.26.2.124
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