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Review

Research on Ecosystem and Environment of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in the Central Indian Ridge

인도양 중앙해령대 심해열수공 생태계 및 환경 연구

DONGSUNG KIM1*
,
JE HYEOK OH2
,
TEAWOOK KANG3
,
AYOUNG SHIN2
,
OK HWAN YU4
,
WON GI MIN5
,
JIMIN LEE4
,
HYUN SOO RHO5
,
JUNG-HOON KANG6
,
YOUNG-OK KIM4
,
JUNGMIN CHOI2
,
SE-JONG JU7
,
YEON JEE SUH8
,
YONG-JIN WON9
,
TAEWON KIM10
,
SOO-JIN HEO11
,
KAE KYOUNG KWON12
,
SEONOCK WOO12
,
HEE JAE SHIN12
,
JONGUK KIM13
,
JUNG-WOO PARK14
,
MIN SUB SIM15
,
DHONGIL LIM16
,
KI YOUNG CHOI17
,
HYUNG JEEK KIM18
,
YOUNG TAK KO13
,
SANG-MOOK LEE14
김 동성1*
,
오 제혁2
,
강 태욱3
,
신 아영2
,
유 옥환4
,
민 원기5
,
이 지민4
,
노 현수5
,
강 정훈6
,
김 영옥4
,
최 정민2
,
주 세종7
,
서 연지8
,
원 용진9
,
김 태원10
,
허 수진11
,
권 개경12
,
우 선옥12
,
신 희재12
,
김 종욱13
,
박 정우14
,
심 민섭15
,
임 동일16
,
최 기영17
,
김 형직18
,
고 영탁13
,
이 상묵14
1Director General, Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju 63349, Korea
2Full-time Research Specialist, Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
3Principal Research Scientist, Marine Research Center, National Park Research Institute, Yeosu 59723, Korea
4Principal Research Scientist, Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
5Principal Research Scientist, East Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Uljin 36315, Korea
6Principal Research Scientist, Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Korea
7Principal Research Scientist, Marine Resources & Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
8Senior Research Scientist, Marine Resources & Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
9Professor, Division of Ecoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
10Associate Professor, Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
11Principal Research Scientist, Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju 63349, Korea
12Principal Research Scientist, Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
13Principal Research Scientist, Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
14Professor, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
15Associate Professor, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
16Principal Research Scientist, Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Korea
17Principal Research Scientist, Marine Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
18Principal Research Scientist, Tropical & Subtropical Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju 63349, Korea
1한국해양과학기술원 제주연구소 소장
2한국해양과학기술원 기후대응·생태연구부 무기계약직기술원
3국립공원연구원 해양연구센터 책임연구원
4한국해양과학기술원 기후대응·생태연구부 책임연구원
5한국해양과학기술원 동해환경연구센터 책임연구원
6한국해양과학기술원 생태위해성연구부 책임연구원
7한국해양과학기술원 해양자원·환경연구본부 책임연구원
8한국해양과학기술원 해양자원·환경연구본부 선임연구원
9이화여자대학교 에코과학부 교수
10인하대학교 해양과학과 부교수
11한국해양과학기술원 제주바이오연구센터 책임연구원
12한국해양과학기술원 해양생명자원연구부 책임연구원
13한국해양과학기술원 대양자원연구부 책임연구원
14서울대학교 지구환경과학부 교수
15서울대학교 지구환경과학부 부교수
16한국해양과학기술원 해양시료도서관 책임연구원
17한국해양과학기술원 해양환경연구부 책임연구원
18한국해양과학기술원 열대·아열대연구센터 책임연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 November 2024. pp. 189-217
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Hydrothermal vents in the deep sea are unique ecosystems sustained by chemosynthesis, serving as reservoirs of biodiversity and promising sites for the discovery of novel biological resources. These vents provide a valuable research area that spans diverse scientific fields, from Earth’s internal material circulation to studies on the origins and evolution of life. The Indian Ocean, in particular, is expected to harbor numerous undiscovered hydrothermal vents due to limited exploration, indicating significant potential for the discovery of new vent areas and the development of marine bio-resources. The slow-spreading Central Indian Ridge (CIR) offers favorable conditions for studying a variety of hydrothermal systems and novel vent ecosystems. This study aimed to establish a foundation for utilizing useful bio-functions by identifying new hydrothermal vent fields and comprehensively understanding the deep-sea hydrothermal biosphere in the CIR region where hydrothermal plumes had been previously detected. Our findings include the discovery of three new vent fields in 2018 and 2022, named Onnuri, Onbada, and Onnarae. We cataloged hydrothermal biological samples and species databases, including newly identified species. Additionally, we identified various functions of hydrothermal ecosystems and hydrothermal organisms, clarified the phylogeographic connectivity between hydrothermal areas, explored microbial, biological, and genetic resources, and interpreted the formation mechanisms of the hydrothermal system along with the geochemical characteristics surrounding the hydrothermal vent fields. Through this research, we established fundamental techniques for in-depth exploration of extreme environments, facilitating the utilization of hydrothermal resources and adding value to related industries. These achievements are anticipated to contribute to future industries, including omics technology and blue bio-material development.

Keywords
Hydrothermal vents
Central indian ridge
Remotely operated vehicle
Biological resources

심해의 열수분출공은 화학합성에 의해 유지되는 특수생태계로서, 생물다양성의 보고이자 새로운 생물자원 발굴의 최적지로 주목받고 있으며, 지구 내부의 물질순환부터 생명의 기원 및 진화에 이르기까지 다양한 연구가 가능한 거대학문 연구 지역이다. 특히 인도양은 다른 대양에 비해 발견 및 연구되지 않은 열수분출공이 아직 많이 남아 있을 것으로 예측되므로, 신규 열수지역 개척 및 해양생물자원 개발에 대한 잠재력이 매우 높다. 인도양의 중앙해령은 느린 확장 속도를 갖는 해령으로서, 다양한 열수시스템 및 새로운 열수생태계 연구에 유리한 조건을 갖추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인도양 중앙해령대에서 열수 플룸이 확인되었던 지역을 대상으로 새로운 열수분출공 탐지 및 심해 열수 생물권에 대한 종합적 이해를 통하여 유용한 생명 기능을 활용할 수 있는 기반을 구축하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 2018년 및 2022년에 3곳의 새로운 열수분출공 지역을 발견하고 온누리, 온바다, 온나래로 명명하였으며, 열수생물 표본과 종 DB를 확보하고 신종을 발표하였다. 또한 열수생태계 및 열수생물의 다양한 기능들과 열수지역간 계통지리학적 연결성을 밝혀내고, 미생물과 생명·유전 자원을 발굴하였으며, 열수시스템 생성기반 및 열수분출공 주변의 지화학적 특성을 해석하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 극한 환경에 대한 정밀탐사 원천기술이 확보되었으며, 열수 자원의 주도적 활용 및 관련 산업의 부가가치 창출에 수월한 환경이 조성되었다. 이러한 성과는 향후 오믹스 기술 및 블루바이오 소재 등 미래 산업 기반에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 29
  • No :4
  • Pages :189-217
  • Received Date : 2024-10-30
  • Revised Date : 2024-11-19
  • Accepted Date : 2024-11-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2024.29.4.189
Journal Informaiton The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
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