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Review

Atlantification and Beaufort Gyre Variability Drive Changes in Nutrient and Dissolved Organic Matter Cycling in the Western Arctic Ocean

서북극해 대서양화와 보퍼트 환류 변동에 따른 영양염 및 용존 유기물 순환의 변화

JINYOUNG JUNG1*
정 진영1*
1Principal Research Scientist, Division of Ocean and Atmosphere Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
1극지연구소 해양대기연구본부 책임연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2026. pp. 104-129
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Abstract

The Arctic Ocean is warming faster than any other region on Earth, and the resulting rapid decline in sea ice is causing fundamental changes in ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles. This review comprehensively examines the rapid transitions occurring in the ocean circulation system of the western Arctic Ocean and the associated changes in nutrient and organic matter cycling, based on data accumulated through Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon expeditions by the Korea Polar Research Institute and recent international collaborative research. The western Arctic Ocean is currently undergoing two major physical changes: “Atlantification” and “Beaufort Gyre variability.” As Atlantic-origin water extends beyond the Eurasian Basin into the Makarov Basin and East Siberian Sea, it induces weakening of the halocline, shoaling of the nutricline, and phytoplankton blooms. Simultaneously, interannual variability in Beaufort Gyre intensity is driving the spatial redistribution of river water and terrigenous dissolved organic matter. Furthermore, these changes in physical circulation have been confirmed to accelerate hypoxia and ocean acidification in regions such as the Chukchi Plateau. This review suggests that changes in nutrient supply and organic matter cycling in the western Arctic Ocean are driven primarily by Atlantification and Beaufort Gyre variability, highlighting the essential need for quantitative understanding of physical-biogeochemical coupling mechanisms in future Arctic Ocean carbon cycle and ecosystem modeling.

Keywords
Western Arctic Ocean
Atlantification
Beaufort Gyre
Nutrient cycling
Dissolved organic matter

북극해는 전 지구상에서 가장 빠르게 온난화가 진행되고 있으며, 이에 따른 해빙의 급격한 감소는 해양 순환과 생지화학적 순환에 근본적인 변화를 초래하고 있다. 본 종설은 극지연구소의 쇄빙연구선 아라온호 탐사를 통해 축적된 자료와 최신 국제 공동 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 서북극해에서 발생하고 있는 해양순환 체계의 급격한 전환과 그에 따른 영양염 및 유기물 순환의 변화를 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 현재 서북극해는 ‘대서양화(Atlantification)’와 ‘보퍼트 환류(Beaufort Gyre) 변동성’이라는 두 가지 주요 물리적 변화를 겪고 있다. 대서양 기원수가 유라시아 분지를 넘어 마카로프 분지와 동시베리아해까지 확장되면서 염분약층(halocline)의 약화, 영양염 약층(nutricline)의 상승, 및 식물플랑크톤 번성을 유발하고 있다. 동시에, 보퍼트 환류의 연간 변동성은 하천수와 육상 기원 용존 유기물의 공간적 재배치를 주도하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 물리적 순환의 변화는 척치 고원(Chukchi Plateau) 등에서 저산소화 및 해양 산성화를 가속화하는 요인으로 작용하고 있음이 확인되었다. 본 종설은 서북극해의 영양염 공급 및 유기물 순환의 변화가 대서양화와 보퍼트 환류 변동이라는 대규모 물리적 과정에 의해 주도됨을 시사하며, 이는 향후 북극해 탄소 순환과 생태계 모델링에서 물리-생지화학적 결합 기작에 대한 정량적 이해가 필수적임을 강조한다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 31
  • No :2
  • Pages :104-129
  • Received Date : 2026-01-29
  • Revised Date : 2026-05-26
  • Accepted Date : 2026-07-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2026.31.2.104
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