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Article

Variability in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Primary Productivity in Antarctic Coastal Waters

서남극 반도의 식물플랑크톤 군집 구조와 일차생산력 변동 연구

SUN-YONG HA1*
,
JUN-OH MIN2
,
CHOROM SHIM3
,
BOYEON LEE3
하 선용1*
,
민 준오2
,
심 초롬3
,
이 보연3
1Principal Research Scientist, Division of Ocean and Atmosphere Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
2Post-doctoral Research Scientist, Division of Ocean and Atmosphere Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
3Research Specialist, Division of Ocean and Atmosphere Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
1극지연구소 해양대기연구본부 책임연구원
2극지연구소 해양대기연구본부 연수연구원
3극지연구소 해양대기연구본부 기술원
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2025. pp. 160-173
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Abstract

The coastal ecosystem of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is among the regions most rapidly affected by climate change. Marian Cove, located along the southwestern coast of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, has recently exhibited pronounced spatiotemporal variability in phytoplankton primary productivity. This review examines the key environmental drivers influencing these changes and explores their linkages to ongoing Antarctic climate change. Recent studies suggest that enhanced glacier melting and freshwater discharge have intensified water column stratification, resulting in low-salinity, high-turbidity conditions in the inner cove. These environmental changes have significantly reduced phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. In contrast, the outer cove retains clearer water conditions with greater light penetration, supporting considerably higher primary productivity. Wind forcing and variations in mixed layer depth play pivotal roles in regulating nutrient availability and light conditions, thereby influencing phytoplankton community composition. During late summer, increased freshwater input further strengthens stratification, promoting the dominance of cryptophytes and picoplankton. These shifts in community structure facilitate microzooplankton proliferation and lead to a simplification of the food web, potentially reducing the efficiency of energy transfer across trophic levels. This review provides quantitative evidence that climate-driven environmental changes directly affect phytoplankton productivity, community composition, food web structure, and biogeochemical cycling in Antarctic coastal ecosystems. The findings deliver crucial insights necessary for improving predictive capabilities and developing effective conservation strategies for polar marine ecosystems under rapidly changing climatic conditions.

Keywords
Western Antarctic Peninsula
Phytoplankton
Primary productivity
Climate change

서남극 반도 연안은 기후 변화에 의해 가장 민감하게 반응하는 해양 생태계 중 하나이다. 마리안 소만은 남셰틀랜드 제도 킹조지섬 남서부에 위치한 해역으로 최근 식물플랑크톤 일차생산력의 시공간적 변동이 관측되어 본 종설은 이에 영향을 미치는 주요 환경 요인와 남극 기후 변화와의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 최근 연구들에 따르면, 빙하 융해 및 담수 유입의 증가는 수층의 성층화를 강화시키며, 내측 소만에서는 저염분‧고탁도 조건을 형성하여 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 및 생산력을 현저히 저하시키는 원인으로 작용한다. 반면, 외측 소만은 상대적으로 맑은 수질 조건과 높은 광 투과도로 더 높은 일차생산력이 유지되는 경향을 보인다. 바람의 세기와 혼합층 깊이의 변동은 영양염의 가용성과 광 조건을 동시에 조절하며, 이는 식물플랑크톤 군집 구조의 공간적 이질성을 유도하는 핵심 물리적 요인이다. 특히 늦여름에는 담수 유입 증가에 따른 성층화 심화로 인해 은편모조류와 초미소플랑크톤의 우점이 강화되며, 이는 미소동물플랑크톤의 증식 및 먹이망 단순화로 이어져 영양 단계 간 에너지 전달 효율을 저하시킬 수 있다. 이는 기후 변화에 따른 남극 연안 식물플랑크톤의 군집 구조와 생산성 변화에 대한 종합적인 고찰로, 향후 극지 해양 생태계 변동성을 예측하고, 기후 변화 대응을 위한 과학 기반 보전 및 관리 전략 수립에 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 30
  • No :3
  • Pages :160-173
  • Received Date : 2025-07-17
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-22
  • Accepted Date : 2025-08-22
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2025.30.3.160
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