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Article

Factors Limiting the Vertical Distribution of the Deep-Water Asian Eelgrass, Zostera asiatica on the East Coast of the Korean Peninsula

동해 연안 왕거머리말의 수직분포 제한 요인

JONG-HYEOB KIM1
,
HYEGWANG KIM2
,
SEUNG HYEON KIM1
,
YOUNG KYUN KIM13
,
KUN-SEOP LEE4†
김 종협1
,
김 혜광2
,
김 승현1
,
김 영균13
,
이 근섭4†
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University
2Graduate Student, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University
3Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
4Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University
1부산대학교 생명과학과 박사후연구원
2부산대학교 생명과학과 대학원생
3광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부 박사후연구원
4부산대학교 생명과학과 교수
*klee@pusan.ac.kr
30 November 2020. pp. 117-131
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Abstract

Although most species in genus Zostera inhabit shallow coastal areas and bays with weak wave energy, the Asian eelgrass, Zostera asiatica is distributed in deep water depth (8-15 m) unlike other seagrasses on the eastern coast of Korea. To examine factors limiting distribution Z. asiatica in relatively deep coastal areas, a transplantation experiment was conducted on October 2011, in which Z. asiatica shoots were transplanted from the reference site (donor meadow, ~9 m) to the shallow transplant site (~3 m). We compared shoot density, morphology, and productivity of Z. asiatica as well as environmental factors (underwater irradiance, water temperature, and nutrients) between the reference and transplant sites from October 2011 to September 2012. Shoot density and shoot height of transplants dramatically decreased within a few months after transplantation, but were similar with Z. asiatica in the reference site during spring. Shoot productivity were significantly higher in the transplant site than in reference site because of high light availability and nutrient concentrations. Transplants showed photoacclimatory responses such as higher rETRmax and Ek and lower photosynthetic efficiency in the transplant site than those in the reference site. Most of Z. asiatica transplant in the shallow transplant site disappeared in summer, which may be due to the high wave energy and physical damages induced by typhoons (TEMBIN and SANBA) in August and September 2012. According to the results of this study, Z. asiatica could not survive in shallow areas despite of more favorable light and nutrient conditions. Thus, Z. asiatica may restrictively occur in deep areas to avoid the intense physical stresses in the shallow area on the east coast of Korea.

Keywords
Depth distribution
Photosynthetic characteristics
Seagrass
Transplantation
Zostera asiatica

국내 연안에 분포하는 대부분의 거머리말속 잘피종들은 수심이 얕고 파랑에너지가 약한 내만 등에 주로 분포하지만, 왕거머리말은 동해안의 약 10 m 내외의 비교적 깊은 수심에서만 제한적으로 분포한다. 본 연구는 우리나라 동해안의 왕거머리말이 비교적 깊은 수심에 한정되어 분포하는 이유를 알아보고자 약 9 m 수심의 자연생육지에서 3 m의 얕은 수심으로 잘피를 이식하여 생리생태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 2011년 10월에 이식을 수행하였고, 이후 약 1년 동안 자연생육지와 이식 장소의 환경요인 및 왕거머리말의 생리생태학적 특성(생육밀도, 성장률, 형태 및 광합성 특성)을 비교하였다. 이식 초기에 왕거머리말의 생육밀도 및 크기는 자연생육지에 비해 큰 폭의 감소를 보였지만, 2012년 봄 이후 자연생육지와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 이식된 왕거머리말의 성장률은 자연생육지보다 증가하였는데, 이는 얕은 수심으로 인한 수중광량과 무기영양염 농도의 증가 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 이식된 왕거머리말은 수중광량이 증가함에 따라 최대상대전자전달율(rETRmax)과 포화광량(Ek)이 증가하고 전자전달효율(α)이 감소하는 생리학적 변화를 보였다. 하지만 이식된 왕거머리말은 2012년 태풍 발생 이후 대부분 소실되었고, 이는 태풍에 의한 파랑에너지가 얕은 수심에서 더 강하게 영향을 미쳤기 때문인 것으로 추정되었다. 단조로운 해안선을 지닌 동해안의 개방된 연안에서 왕거머리말은 얕은 수심의 유리한 광조건에도 불구하고, 태풍과 같은 자연재해 발생시 강한 파랑에너지에 의해 얕은 수심에서는 생존이 불가능한 것으로 추정되었으며, 따라서 물리적 스트레스의 영향을 줄이기 위해 상대적으로 깊은 수심에 한정되어 분포하는 것으로 판단되었다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 25
  • No :4
  • Pages :117-131
  • Received Date : 2020-08-07
  • Revised Date : 2020-09-16
  • Accepted Date : 2020-10-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2020.25.4.117
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