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Article

Quantitative Analysis on Epiphytic Dinoflagellates and Their Spatio-temporal Distribution on Macroalgae in Jeju Island, Korea

제주연안 착생와편모류의 정량 분석과 시공간적 분포 특성

HYUNG SEOP KIM1
,
MI RYOUNG OH2
,
BORA JANG2
,
YONG DEOK KO2
,
JONG WOO PARK3
,
WONHO YIH45*
김 형섭1
,
오 미령2
,
장 보라2
,
고 용덕2
,
박 종우3
,
이 원호45*
1Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
2Graduate Student, Department of Marine Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
3Research Scientist, Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gunsan 54002, Korea
4Research Scientist and Member, The Korean Academy of Marine Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
5Research Scientist, Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
1군산대학교 해양생물자원학과 교수
2군산대학교 해양생물자원학과 대학원생
3국립수산과학원 연구사
4한국해양한림원 회원연구원
5군산대학교 산학협력단 연구원
*Corresponding Author
28 February 2025. pp. 24-49
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Abstract

A total of 2600 epiphytic dinoflagellates (EPDs) genus abundance data (MA Sample Data) were obtained from 520 macroalgae (MA) samples collected six times a year at six stations along the Jeju coast. For each of the 36 spatiotemporal sampling points, multiple MA Sample Data of the same MA species were averaged to generate a total of 1955 genus abundance data (MA Species Data). Based on the MA Sample Data and MA Species Data, the grand average of genus-specific EPD abundance representing the Jeju coastal waters was calculated according to three criteria. The three different types of grand genus-specific averages, one from all abundance data at the 520 MA samples, another from 81 mean EPD abundances of 81 MA species groups, and the other from 36 mean EPD abundances of from 36 spatiotemporal sampling points, showed noticeable differences. Comparison of paired EPD abundance data calculated from MA Sample Data and MA Species Data revealed noticeable but statistically insignificant differences in all three different types of grand genus-specific averages. In theory, MA Species Data are more optimal than MA Sample Data as the base data representing spatiotemporal sampling points. Among the three types of grand averages, the grand average of 36 sampling point means according to the third criterion will be the most practical to represent the spatiotemporal distribution of the genus-specific EPD abundance. The ranking and size of the five EPD genera within three types of the grand average calculated according to the three criteria based on MA Sample Data and MA Species Data were in the order of Ostreopsis (327-452) → Amphidinium (160-184) → (Coolia (104-154) or Gambierdiscus (87-147) → Prorocentrum (77-114), and the ranking among the five EPD genera showed a overall trend along the Jeju coasts. Gambierdiscus, likely domnated by the non-toxic Gambierdiscus jejuensis, showed highly heterogeneous abundance distributions across stations and months, whereas Ostreopsis showed the highest homogeneity among the five genera. The highest abundance of Gambierdiscus among the 520 MA samples was 12686 cells gww-1 in the MA sample Plocamium telfairiae-02 from Station 1 in October, while three other MA samples containig more than 5000 cells gww-1 were also collected at Station 1 in October. In sharp contrast to Station 1, Station 4 showed only 0.47 cells gww-1 in the average Gambierdiscus abundance of the 520 MA samples. The location of Station 4 at western end of Jeju Island, is at the core of upwelling current, and the vertical turbulence of seawater here is expected to have a negative impact on thriving EPDs. Station 1 is located in a concave small bay with highest vertical water column stability of the six stations, closely resembling the inner concave environments of Merimbula and Wagonga Inlets, Austalia, where very high Gambierdiscus abundance was reported, with 6565-8255 cells gww-1, even at temperate latitudes of 37°S. Above all, standardized sampling methods such as diving are recommended to minimize additional artificial errors and increase the intercomparability of EPD abundance data.

Keywords
Epiphytic dinoflagellates
Data analysis
Distribution patterns
Gambierdiscus
Jeju coast

제주 연안 6개 정점에서 격월로 6회 수집한 520개의 대형해조류(MA) 샘플에서 총 2600개의 착생와편모류(EPD) 속별 생물량 데이터(MA Sample Data)를 산출하였다. 36개의 시공간적 시료채집점 각각에서 동일한 MA 종 시료들의 MA Sample Data를 평균하여 1955개의 데이터를 생성하였다(MA Species Data). MA Sample Data와 MA Species Data를 기반으로 제주 해안 해역을 대표하는 EPD 속별 생물량의 총평균을 세 가지 기준에 따라 계산하였다. 모든 데이터의 전체 평균, 81개 MA 종 시료군의 81개 평균의 전체 평균, 36개 시료채집점의 36개 평균의 전체 평균 등 세 가지 기준의 총평균 모두에서 MA Sample Data와 MA Species Data를 기반으로 계산한 데이터의 쌍은 통계적으로 유의하지는 않지만 눈에 띄는 차이를 보였으며, 세 가지 총평균값 사이에도 식별할 수 있는 차이가 나타났다. 이론적으로는 MA Species Data는 시공간 샘플링 지점을 대표하는 기반 데이터로서 MA Sample Data보다 각각의 시료점을 대표하기에 보다 더 적절할 것이다. 세 번째 기준에 따른 36개 시료채집점 평균 및 총평균은 조사 해역에서 EPD 속별 생물량의 시공간적인 분포를 다루게 될 때 실질적으로 필요한 평균값이다. MA Sample Data와 MA Species Data를 기반으로 계산한 세 가지 기준 모두의 5가지 속별 총평균 생물량의 순위와 범위는 Ostreopsis (327-452) → Amphidinium (160-184) → (Coolia (104-154) 또는 Gambierdiscus (87-147) → Prorocentrum (77-114)는 서로 순위가 일치하여, 제주해역을 대표하는 총평균 생물량 상대비의 전반적인 경향을 잘 나타내었다. 비독성 종류인 Gambierdiscus jejuensis가 대부분을 차지할 것으로 예상되는 Gambierdiscus는 정점 및 시료 채집 시점에 따라 가장 불균일한 생물량 분포를 보인 반면, Ostreopsis는 상대적으로 최고의 균일도를 보였다. 전체 MA 시료 가운데 Gambierdiscus의 최고 생물량은 12686 cells gww-1로 10월 정점 1의 참곱슬이(Plocamium telfairiae) 시료-02에서 확인되었으며, 5000 cells gww-1가 넘는 생물량을 보인 나머지 3개 시료도 모두 10월 정점 1에서 채집되었다. 정점 1과 정반대로 520개 MA 시료 평균 0.47 cells gww-1의 극히 낮은 Gambierdiscus 생물량을 기록한 정점 4는 제주도 서단의 수직적인 해수 교란 현상에 의해 EPDs에게 가장 불리한 환경으로 판단된다. 정점 1은 성산의 내측 연안의 소만 내에 위치하여, 수층의 안정성이 높아 EPDs 서식에 가장 유리한 환경으로 보이며, 이는 남위 37도의 같은 온대역에서 호주의 Merimbula 및 Wagonga 포구에 국한되어 나타난 6565-8255 cells gww-1의 높은 Gambierdiscus 생물량 기록 사례와 흡사하다. 무엇보다도, 추가적인 인위적 오류를 최소화하고 EPD 생물량 자료의 상호비교 가능성을 높이기 위하여, 잠수채집과 같은 표준화된 시료채집 방법이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 30
  • No :1
  • Pages :24-49
  • Received Date : 2024-12-03
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-23
  • Accepted Date : 2025-02-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2025.30.1.024
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