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2020 Vol.25, Issue 2

Article

Trace Metals in Surface Sediments of Garolim Bay, Korea

가로림만 표층 퇴적물 내 미량금속 분포 특성

KYOUNGKYU PARK1
,
MANSIK CHOI2*
,
DONGJIN JOE3
,
DONGJUN JANG3
,
SOJUNG PARK3
박 경규1
,
최 만식2*
,
조 동진3
,
장 동준3
,
박 소정3
1Graduate Student, Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University
2Professor, Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University
3Graduate Student, Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University
1충남대학교 해양환경과학과 석사과정
2충남대학교 해양환경과학과 교수
3충남대학교 해양환경과학과 박사과정
* Corresponding Author
31 May 2020. pp. 09-25
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Abstract

가로림만 퇴적물에서 미량금속의 인위적인 영향을 평가하기 위하여 2010년과 2015년 총 77개의 표층 퇴적물 시료를 채취하여 물리적 특성 요소(입도 및 비표면적)와 지화학적 요소(주성분(Al, Ca, Fe, K, Ba) 및 미량금속(Mn, Cs, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb), 유기탄소 및 탄산칼슘)들을 분석하였다. 가로림만 표층 퇴적물의 평균 입도는 0.51-5.58 Ø(평균 3.98 Ø) 범위였으며 외만에서부터 내만으로 증가하였고, 수로에서 육지 방향으로 증가하였다. 일부 원소를 제외한 대부분의 금속 농도는 입자의 크기가 작아지고 비표면적이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 미량금속의 농도를 조절하는 요인을 추정하기 위하여 요인분석(factor analysis)을 실시하여, 총 3개의 요인을 추출(총 변이의 92.7%) 하였다. 요인 1은 총 변이의 71.3%를 설명하였는데 입도 요인이었고, 요인 2는 총 변이의 14.2%를, 요인 3에서는 총 변이의 7.2%를 설명하였다. 배경농도를 이용하여 농축인자를 계산하였다. 농축인자가 1.5 이상인 금속과 그 시료 수는 Cr 4개(정점 1, 16, 27, 39)와 Pb 1개(정점 39)였으나 이 들 금속에 대한 용출 금속 농도에서는 타 시료와 차이가 없었다. 가로림만의 총 금속 농도에 대한 1M HCl 용출 금속 농도의 백분율은 Pb∼Co>Cu>Zn∼Mn>Ni>Cr 순서로 감소하였으며 Pb은 입도에 따른 변화를 보였으나 다른 금속들은 모래를 제외하면 매우 일정한 값을 보였다. 이 값을 오염된 지역 및 청정 해역과 비교하면 모든 지역에서 Cu, Zn 및 Pb의 농도 수준과 관련없이 금속별 백분율이 유사하였다. 이는 1M HCl 용액과 퇴적물 구성 성분 사이의 반응 여부에 따른 결과라고 판단되고, 농축 정도를 판단하는데 이 용출 비율을 사용하는 것은 한계가 있음을 나타낸다.

In 2010 and 2015, total 77 surface sediment samples were collected to assess the anthropogenic effects of trace metals in surface sediments of Garolim Bay, and the physical characteristics (particle size and specific surface area) and geochemical components (major (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Ba) and trace metals (Mn, Cs, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb), organic carbon and calcium carbonate) were analyzed. Mean grain size of Garolim Bay surface sediments ranged from 0.51-5.58 Ø (mean 3.98 Ø) and increased from the inlet of bay to the inner bay, and from the waterway to the land. Most of the metal concentrations except for some elements showed the similar distribution to those of mean grain size and specific surface area. As the particle size decreased and the specific surface area increased, the metal concentration increased. In order to estimate the factors controlling the concentration of trace metals, factor analysis was performed, and three factors were extracted (92.7% of the total variation). Factor 1 accounted for 71.3% of the total variation, which was a grain size factor. Factor 2 accounted for 14.2% of the total variation, Factor 3 accounted for 7.2% of the total variance. Enrichment factor was calculated using the particle size corrected background concentration. Metals with a enrichment factor of 1.5 or higher and the number of samples were 4 for Cr (St. 1, 16, 27, 39) and 1 for Pb (St. 39), but there were little differences in the concentrations of 1M HCl leached metals for these metals. The percentage of 1M HCl leached fraction to total metal concentration decreased in the order of Pb∼Co>Cu>Zn∼Mn>Ni>Cr. Comparing this value with contaminated and clean sediments in other coastal areas, the percentages for each metal were similar regardless of the trace metal levels in all regions. This fact might be resulted from the reaction between the 1M HCl solution and the different sediment constituents, indicating that there is a limit to apply this percentage of leached metal to the estimation of the contamination extent.

Keywords
Trace metals
Sediments
Garolim Bay
Enrichment factor
Leached fraction

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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양학회
  • Journal Title :The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국해양학회지 바다
  • Volume : 25
  • No :2
  • Pages :09-25
  • Received Date : 2020-03-31
  • Revised Date : 2020-04-28
  • Accepted Date : 2020-05-20
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2020.25.2.009
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